Essential Question

How do electric and magnetic fields interact with matter and with each other to produce light, power circuits, and drive modern technology?

What You Will Learn

• 1Apply the law of reflection and Snell's law to mirrors and lenses.
• 2Analyze double-slit interference and single-slit diffraction patterns.
• 3Apply Coulomb's law and describe electric fields and potential.
• 4Use Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's rules to solve series and parallel circuits.
• 5Calculate electric power and energy dissipation in resistors.
• 6Apply Faraday's and Lenz's laws to electromagnetic induction.

Why It Matters

Electricity and magnetism are inseparable — together they produce light and power every electronic device. Understanding circuits is essential for engineering, while optics underpins cameras, telescopes, lasers, and fiber-optic communications.