Unit 1 — Foundations of Functions

Unit 1 · Foundations of Functions

Foundations of Functions

Build a rigorous foundation in function concepts — notation, domain and range, transformations, composition, and inverses — that every later unit depends on.

Estimated Time

3–4 weeks

Difficulty

Intermediate

7 Lessons
8 Learning Goals
14 Vocabulary Terms

Overview

Unit description, learning objectives, and skills.

Unit 1 — Foundations of Functions is the launchpad for all of Precalculus. You will sharpen your use of function notation, master domain and range, and study how functions change using average rate of change. You will then combine functions through composition, transform any graph by shifting, stretching, or reflecting it, and close the unit with absolute value and inverse functions — two ideas that appear throughout calculus and every STEM field.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

Goal 1Identify functions using the definition, mapping diagrams, and the vertical line test.
Goal 2Evaluate and interpret function notation, including f(x), f(a + h), and piecewise definitions.
Goal 3Determine the domain and range of functions from equations, graphs, and real-world contexts.
Goal 4Calculate average rate of change and identify increasing, decreasing, and constant intervals.
Goal 5Form composite functions and determine the domain of a composition.
Goal 6Apply transformations — shifts, reflections, stretches, and compressions — to parent functions.
Goal 7Graph and analyze absolute value functions, including transformations and applications.
Goal 8Find and verify inverse functions algebraically and graphically.

Skills You Will Master

Function notation & evaluation
Domain & range
Rates of change & graph behavior
Composition of functions
Transformations of graphs
Inverse functions

Real-World Connection

Functions are the language of every quantitative field. Engineers use function composition to model multi-stage processes. Economists use inverse functions to find break-even prices. Doctors use domain restrictions to ensure drug dosages stay in safe ranges. Transformations let animators and game designers move and resize objects on screen. Every concept in this unit is a tool you will reach for again and again — in calculus, statistics, physics, and beyond.

Chapter Checklist

Recommended steps for completing each chapter

  • Read the Workbook
  • Complete the Independent Study
  • Finish the Exit Ticket
  • Take the Quiz
  • Review the Answer Key
  • Continue to the Next Chapter